BEGIN TRY
[your Transact-SQL]
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
[your Transact-SQL]
END CATCH
To retrieve error information below are the built in functions in SQL-Server
ERROR_NUMBER() returns the number of the error.
ERROR_SEVERITY() returns the severity.
ERROR_STATE() returns the error state number.
ERROR_PROCEDURE() returns the name of the stored procedure or trigger where the error occurred.
ERROR_LINE() returns the line number inside the routine that caused the error.
ERROR_MESSAGE() returns the complete text of the error message. The text includes the values supplied for any substitutable parameters, such as lengths, object names, or times.
Example
BEGIN TRY
SELECT 1/0;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
SELECT
ERROR_NUMBER() AS ErrorNumber
,
ERROR_SEVERITY() AS ErrorSeverity
,
ERROR_STATE() AS ErrorState
,
ERROR_PROCEDURE() AS ErrorProcedure
,
ERROR_LINE() AS ErrorLine
,
ERROR_MESSAGE() AS ErrorMessage;
END CATCH